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The Inner Light Supporting Existence and Objects
Shim, Sang-yong Ph.D. in Art History, Dongduk Women's University
Light, Jumping to Uncertainty
Recent works by Chung, Woon-hak have laid the semantic foundation on the process of making a series of forms using a molded plane acrylic plate. Through the process, he does away with the border between plane and solid and distinction between 2D and 3D or at least mitigates or redefines it as the same source. Pause in 2008 established the border between the interior and exterior as the subject to be questioned specially. When a 2D plastic resin was molded into 3D clothes, the distinction between the inside and outside and the interior and exterior caused inevitably served as a momentum of drawing the border between existence and object and existence and nonexistence into the area of problem. The artist may be fascinated with the process of non-linearity where one mineral suddenly becomes the extension of skin and the symbol of existence by certain jumping, say, materials become non-material interface. Sacks in 2009 which made a sack-sharing physical characteristics-by molding plane resin was the totally same context. In this point, the key was to cross the border between object and body and the inner and outer and enjoy cognitive and symbolic chaos implied in the loose distinction.
Since 2010 when light was accepted as an important element in Chung, Woon-hak's world, his concerns have been extended to interaction and variation made by the meeting of light and object or light and color on the border. It served soon as a momentum that more underlying border of non-material and material, and light and object became more urgent. As a result, his works have had a meaning of establishing a new segment which divides and crosses light and object and light and color simultaneously. Moreover, the border and distinction between non-material and material are ready to cause conflict with spirit and body, a explosively strong subject. While the material world can be understood in the level of reason, the non-material world, namely, the spirit level cannot. As expressed by Paul Tillich(1886-1905), 'jumping to uncertainty' is required to include knowledge which is free of power beyond adhesion and the trap of existence as the process of passing from the level of reason to spiritual and mysterious course. Besides the fact that light is inevitable to existence and that light and object is the most prime metaphor of the essence of existence, we do not know about light itself a lot. Surely, light acts a hint that it is possible to enter the world which is out of control by intelligent jumping beyond a reason.
Light is a part of intuitive symbolism that leads us to different world or different reality only by its existence. Light is an immediate source of light, that is, evokes 'where it comes from' and a problem of darkness, its element. Moreover, light is more than simple 'lightness'. Light-even artificial light-is 'lightness' and energy and grows plants and animals eating the plants. In other words, all living things in nature and ecology are survived, maintained, and operated by energy which is light itself. All things belonging to global ecology cannot maintain or extend themselves without light, non-material and clearly substantial energy. Light is the pivot of life, nature, and civilization which imitates the nature-although poor. Therefore, that light is lightness, guidance, and life is not just description. Furthermore, it is not a hidden truth, but an open truth.
In the same context, it is more than symbolic description that darkness, that is, an element of light, is an element of lightness, that is, chaos and extinction of life. Light and darkness, an element of light, is all substance and truth. As we know and feel through day and night, the world consists of the two orders and two dimensions and there is no unrelated or neutral areas with them-light and its element. Light and darkness has area mechanism that reproduces and imitates itself respectively. The former, the mechanism of light includes lightness, exposure of truth, life, growth, optimism, full bloom and rich harvest and the internal value supporting them is love, freedom, peace, justice, and beauty. On the other hand, the mechanism of darkness includes chaos, non-exposure, false, death, wilted and dried flower, a bad year, war, and disaster and their internal value is hatred, suppression, hostility, negativity, and the absence of justice.
That a book should be included in the world of light is the suggestion and message of Story of Books by Chung, Woon-hak. The artist suggests that we should light again its inner which is excluded in the object of welcome today, along with religion, morality, art, philosophy, and printed wisdom and knowledge. In fact, a book, a representative analogue medium, is the typical weak of the age of digital media and one of things whose the presence of existence are openly mentioned. By putting colorful light in the inside, the artist makes light exist in the book. Then, light from the inside of the book, namely, the light of life of lightness and guidance, is emitted.
Immanence of Light
The context in the center of text where the immanence of light is located is identified in his other work, Dancing (2001). The situation is the exactly same as Story of Books, except that human beings not a book are the text. The process of working is also not different. The reduced shapes of figures were made by molding resin. On the surface, colorful Korean papers form collage, providing torso with color abstractive skin of lyric nuance as they dance joyfully. The skin becomes much vivider and softer pastel tones when the inner light penetrates. In this point, priority meaning is light, non-material structure and energy which fills the inside of sculpture with materials. The internal structure which comes and goes between existence and nonexistence busily fixes the whole sculpture and the center of meaning is switched into the inside of non-material sculpture as one concentrates on the sculpture as material. Yet, the sculpture of material is not broken up or denied by the internal structure of non-material. As light penetrates, material property becomes clearer. Light does not deny objects or deprive light of its existence. Light is not anti-these against material and object, but helps it become true-these. Chung, Woon-hark's dancing figures secure the integrity of existence by light emitted from the inside. Their joyfulness becomes a more existential level and their group belongs to brightness and is closer to the ethics of life.
This context is connected with his Newspaper. To him, newspaper is only a visual code which implies complex social conditions. Newspaper delivered every morning or evening is full of horrific crimes and all kinds of immoral and heartless acts such as war, murder, robbery, rape, youth prostitution, group violence, irrationality, shamelessness, cheating, and fraud. It is truly demonstrated by daily newspaper that human beings are the species who commit such acts. All of us are members of the species and the subject and victim of such civilization who live a precarious life. Paradoxically, good life and successful life that is questioned by most philosophy is unprecedentedly and seriously threatened by advanced civilization(?) as today.
Above all, 'philosophy of darkness' thrown in this times as dark clouds is the most serious matter. Its motto is that human beings are rather great existence as they lack in the essence required to be faithful. For example, Sartre's existentialism is one of them. It argues that there is no a superior dimension which provides an answer other than living in the way to respond to self awareness with the utmost efforts. Then, how can filling more and more horrific events in newspaper be explained? Do human beings just have to fall into the bottomless pit of irrationality and be despaired?
Chung, Woon-hak does not seem to think so. Of course, he does not argue some resistant metaphysics or theological foundation. Yet, it should be admitted that some bright and hopeful nuance is being intervened in desperate evidences of world he has collected. In this point, even disgusting and horrible incidences are redefined as the level of truth we are willing to confront. As soon as we are applied to the inner light, the weight of desperation becomes lighter and tolerable and changes into a clue to say a hope. Although the world does not change greatly, it will be sustained by brightness from the outside. That is why it is not too much to say that the light applied by Chung, Woon-hak arouses Alain Badiou1)(1937-)'s blessing. According to Badiou, "blessing means that the reason why the way of life suddenly operates again within the subject, namely, the reason why connection between thought and action is discovered again cannot be fully explained by thought".
Interior Lighting & Exterior Lighting
The important is the immanence of the source of light. It turns the key of problems into the inside and the direction of narration proceeds from the inside to the outside and from the center to the surface. The inner light is directly opposed to common 'lighting' given by the outside. The exterior lighting emphasizes only material property and its surface. The effects of exterior lighting increasingly emboss material as material and image as image, but cannot be internalized and influence material itself. It has been pursued and desired by modern traditional sculpture and painting. It is the light which limits the meaning to increase in visual effects and attract one's eyes.
On the other hand, one's eyes are directed to the inner, not to the surface and to the core, not to the image of existence by the interior lighting attempted by Chung, Woon-hak. The artist's art of sculpture becomes more immanent, namely, can be explained by itself due to the immanence. Light does light the object from the inside, as well as is fixed naturally as a part of property. The artist's sculpture serves as a link which connects between non-material and material and between light and objects to provide the shape of light and make the shape into the extension of light. Both are not separate two worlds, but become the horizon which reveals one interactive dimension.